Fossils and Fossilization: How Ancient Life Becomes Preserved

An introductory guide to fossilization, trace fossils and why preservation is rare.

Most organisms never fossilize

Decay, scavenging and erosion usually destroy remains before burial.

Rapid burial improves preservation

Sediment can protect remains from disturbance and oxygen.

Minerals can replace original material

Over time, groundwater may deposit minerals into or around remains.

Trace fossils record behavior

Footprints, burrows and coprolites can preserve evidence of activity.

Context matters

The surrounding rock layer helps explain age and environment.