How Paleontologists Find Fossils: Geology, Fieldwork and Excavation

A practical overview of how fossil sites are located, documented and excavated.

Start with the right rocks

Researchers often target sedimentary formations of the appropriate age.

Use maps and previous research

Geological maps and earlier discoveries can narrow the search area.

Survey exposed ground

Erosion can reveal fossils at the surface.

Document before removing

Position, orientation and rock layer should be recorded carefully.

Excavate slowly

Delicate tools and stabilization reduce damage during removal.